Pin and joint.



No. 834,895. PATENTED NOV. 6, 1906.

I. E. FARNHAM.

PIN AND JOINT.

APPLICATION FILED JULY 8, 1905.

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' INVENTOH A TTOHNEY rnl IIOIIII Irrlll 0a., wasnmaron, n, :4

- proved joint for brooches is made.

.UNITED STATES PATENT OFFICE.

FRANK E. FARNHAM, OF PROVIDENCE, RHODE ISLAND.

' I ,I'PIN AND JOINT.

Q No.'s34,s95.

Specification of Letters Patent.

Patented Nov. 6, 1906.

Application filed July 8,1905. Serial No. 268,860.

To all whom it may concern: I

Be it known that I, FRANK E. FARNHAM, a citizen of the United States,residing at Providence, in the county of Providence and State of 'RhodeIsland, have invented certain new and useful Improvements in Pins andJoints,

of which the following is a specification, reference being had thereinto the accompanying drawings.

Like reference-letters indicate like parts in all the figures.

Figure 1 shows in front elevation the wireblankfrom which my improvedpin-tongue is-made, said wire having one of its ends pointed and theopposite end made into a roundoloop. Fig. 2 is a plan view of the blankfrom which the earpiece of 1ipny imi 3 is a front elevation, on anenlarged scale, %f the pivot of my improved pin-joint. Fig. 4 is a frontelevation of my improved pin-tongue. Fig. 5 is a front elevation of saidpin-tongue with the pivot extending through the pivothole in the headthereof. Fig. 6 is a view of the same as seen on line H of Fig. 5. Fig.7 is a front elevation, partly in section, of a brooch provided. with apin-catch and also with a pin tongue and joint embodying my invention.Fig. 8 is the same as Fig. 7, except that it shows the pin-tongue in itsopen position. Fig. 9 is a view, on an enlarged scale, of my improvedpin-joint as seen in assembling the same,the pointed ends of the pivotbeing represented as about to enter the pivot-holes of the earpiece andsaid earpiece spread apart sufficiently for such insertion of the p1votand pin-tongue. Fig. 10

is a like view of said parts as seen in assembling, the pointed ends ofthe pivot being wholly contained within the pivot-holes of the earpieceand the ears being bent nearer together until the apex of the pointedend of the pivot on each side is in line with the outer plane surface ofthe adjacent ear. Fig. 11 is-a like view of said parts when fullyassembled and completed.

Myinvention relates to the joints and pintongues of broochesandsimilar'articles and it consists of the novel construction andcombination of the several arts, as hereinafter described, and specificaly set forth in the claims.

The pin-tongue is an improvement on that shown and described in LettersPatent of the United States No. 783,627, issued to me and dated February28, 1905.

plane 0 Fig. 4, and said tion of a die and plunger in a swa ingoperation, by which said looped end 0 the wire is flattened andelongated. By the pressure exerted in this operation the metalconstituting the circular loop of the wire-blank is caused to flow andto receive its shape in the die, the result being a pin-tongue havin thepeculiar form illustrated in Fig. 4. t is seen by an examination .of Fi4 that the pivot hole or opening 0. lies w olly on one side of thepin-stem A instead of being centered in the axial line of the wire, asin Fig. 1 that the flattened sides of the pin-head are substantiallyparallel with each other; that the outer curved edge of the pin-head isin the arc of a true circle, or approximately so, and that the metal hasflowed to form a broadened end I), the inner straight ed e of whichcloses snugly to and conforms wit the adjacent surface of the pin-stemA. This flow of the metal into a flattened shape of differing widthsresults in completely destroying the resilienc' of the stock in the saidflattene head, and the closure of the portion 1) to the pin-stem A(represented in Fig. 4 by the line 0) is almost imperceptible andpractically constitutes a solid abutment, which is rigid andunchangeable cess of metal for the proper formation of the fulcrum-pointw and the adjacent parts of the pin-head in front of the tangent line12. 'v

of the pivot-hole a, Fig. 4. The pivot-hole a below the line 0, as seenin ne 0 is in exact continuation of the line k in said figure,which,.represents the shortest side of the pin-tongue.

The blank from which the earpiece is formed is represented in plan viewin Fig. 2.

is located wholly 1 It is made of a piece of flat stock out by a diepreferably into two opposite ears d d each of which has an edgeextending in the are of a circle to the extent of nearly-two hundred andseventy degrees, said ears (1 (1 being connected integrally by anintermediate base 6, provided with lateral rejections ff. The ear d hasa central circu ar pivot hole or opening g, which, as best seen in Figs.9, 10, and 11, is cylindrical half-way through said car. In the outerhalf of the ear d the pivot hole or opening 9 is concentrically enlargedor reamed out, so as to have an outwardly flaring or beveled surface.(Indicated in Fig. 2 by h.) The ear (1 is in all respects like the earat, having a pivot-hole g and a beveled concentric enlargement h, saidhole g being tubular and extending half-way through the ear (1 and theenlarged beveled hole It being concentric and continuous therewiththrough the remaining half of the ear (1. In this manner the reamedenlargements h h of the ears d d are on the outer sides of said ears.Fig. 2 is drawn on an enlarged scale in order better to illustrate thesedetails of construction.

The pivot B is shown on an enlarged scale in Fig. 3. It is preferablymade of a comparatively soft metal, such as German silver, in order thatwhen its opposite ends are compressed inwardly by means of pliers orsome other suitable tool or implement said ends are upset or laterallyspread by such operation. The pivot B has its two portions m m madecylindrical and of such diameter as to fit closely but slidingly in thepivot-hole a of the pin-tongue and in the pivot-holes g g of the ears (1d. The central portion of the pivot is circumferentially grooved, asrepresented at n, so as to have there a slightly smaller diameter thanthat of the portions m m. This circumferential groove n results in theformation of two annular shoulders o 0. Each end of the pivot B ispointed and formed in a conical shape, terminating in a sharp apex p.

C is the brooch or the back plate thereof. The earpiece is soldered atone end on the brooch or plate C, as seen in Figs. 7 and 8, and at theopposite end the pin-catch D is soldered to said brooch or plate and hasthe usual hook-shaped end g to engage the pointed end of the pin-stem A,as shown in Fig. 7.

The. parts of said device are assembled as follows: Thepivot B isinserted in the pivothole a of thepin-tongue by passing one of thecylindrical portions m thereof through said hole. As the diameter ofsaid portion m is only a very little less than the diameter of thepivot-hole a, said cylindrical portion m of the pivot B passes throughthe pivot-hole a with a sliding but rather close fit but as soon as theshoulder 0 has passed through the pivothole a the pivot B is looselyheld by the pivot-hole a, some portion of the convex edge of which isthen in the circumferential groove n of said pivot by the action ofgravity. The result is that while the pivot B is loose Within thepivot-hole a it cannot become wholly disengaged therefrom, because it isprevented from longitudinal displacement by the contact of some portionof one of the shoulders 0 against some portion of the convex edge ofsaid pivot-hole. This partial engagement of the pivot B with the head ofthe pin-tongue is of great practical importance, because they are thusmade inseparable from each other, and therefore the workman in taking upthe pin-tongue also takes up with it by reason of this loose connectionthe pivot B, and it becomes unnecessary to give any separatemanipulation to the pivot B itself in assembling the parts.

The earpiece, which constitutes the fixed hinged member of the joint, issoldered on the brooch or plate C, as seen in Fig. 7, when the ears orsides (1 d are spread apart in the divergentangular position illustratedin Fig. 9. The projections f f extend longitudinally along the brooch orlate C, as seen in Figs. 7, 8, 9, 10, and 11. he workman then takes up apin-tongue, having a pivot mounted. loosely in the pivot-hole thereof,as already described, and inserts the heady of the pintongue and saidpivot between the ears or sides d d, as illustrated in Fig. 9, movingthe conical points or apexes 1) 1) at the ends of the pivot B to andinto the tubular openings or pivot-holes g g of said ears d d. He thenuses his pliers, pressing the inner faces of the jaws of said toolagainst the two outer surfaces of the ears or sides d d, and by closingthehandles of the tool-together he bends the ears d d inwardly towardeach other.

As seen in Figs. 3 and 9, the conical ends of the pivot B have anangular inclination of about forty-five degrees, and as the apexes p pof said pivot are within the bores of the pivot-holes g g the result ofthe inward bending of the ears d (1, caused by the pliers operating asdescribed, is that the pivot is accurately guided and seated in thepivot-holes g g of the ears d d, and the parts come into the relativepositions illustrated in Fig. 10 where it is seen that the apexes 1) pare flush with the lines of the outer surfaces of thc'ears d drespectively.

The continuing further pressure exerted by the closing of the innerfaces of the jaws of the pliers together causes the apexes 1) p and theconical ends of the pivot B (which, as already stated, are of acomparatively soft metal) to be upsetthat is, SHOMl. radially in lateraldirections substantially at right angles with the axis of the pivot B,thus forming rivet-heads on both ends of the pivot, as illustrated inFig. 11. These spread or upset ends of the'pivot are indicatedat s inFig. 1.1, where it is seen that they fill (or nearly fill) the reamedholes h 71/ andv that by this riveting action the ears (I d are drawninto snug contact with the parallel plane surfaces of the flattened headof the pin-tongue. The pivot.

B is therefore firmly locked in position and cannot be movedlongitudinally in either direction, because such movement is entirelyprevented by the rivet-heads formed as described. The ends of the pivotB are'secured immovably in the ears d d, being tight therein but thepin-tongue swivels loosely upon the central grooved portion of thepivot, being confined to a fixed line of oscillation, because of thesliding contact of the plane parallel surfaces of the flattened head ofthe pintongue with the inner plane surfaces of the ears (1 d As seen inseveral of the figures, but most lainly in Fig. 4, a fulcrum-point w isformed by the meeting of the front straight edge of the part b of thepin-head and the adjacent outer peripheral edge of said head. Thisfulcrum-point to when the pin-tongue is in its closed position, as shownin Fig. 7, bears against the exposed surface of the projection f of thebase of the earpiece.

I provide the base of the ear iece or fixed hinged member of the jointwit projections f, which serve as a bearinglate to resist the thrust andwear of the fu crum-point and which at the same time afford an increasedbase area for solder and constitute a stronger support for the j oint.

An important feature of my im roved pintongue is the massing of the metain the flattened head into a position in front of the line i) c, Fig. 4,which is a tangent to the pivothole a to form there a very strong andentirely rigid fulcrum-point.

The perfect closure along the line c,'as seen in Fig. 4, together withthe extra broadening of the parallel sides of the flattened head infront of the tangent line '0 v of the pivot-hole a, causes saidhead tobe absolutely ri id and able to resist all strains exerted on t eportion I) of said head which are in a direction at a right angle to theinner end of the in-stem A. All strains upon said flattened ead exertedat right angles with the lane surfaces or sides thereof are resisted bytile earsdd of the joint when the parts are in the position shown inFig. 11 and the pivot B is riveted in said position.

In my improved device the pivot B is loose in the Wot-hole a of theflattened pinhead, but tig t in the ears, thus reducing to a minimum thewear upon the pivot. There is no opening or slot extending out from the.

pivot-hole; but along the line of closure 0, Fig. 4, the flattened headis in solid abutment with the pin-stem and exactly conforms thereto, andso there is no s ring function ossible in said flattened hea and nopossibility of the accidental engagement of said head with the fabricinto which the pin is thrust.

In my improved pin-tongue'I get the full strength of the wire at thepoint marked 2 in Fig. 4.

The strain of the pressure of the fulcrumpoint w on the bearing-plate fwhen the pinstem A is sprung into engagement with the pin-catch D isreceived directly and positively on the inner end of, the pin-stem atthe place indicated by y in Fig. 4 and all along the contact-line marked0 .in said figure. Thus all strain upon the pin-stem Ain closing andspringing into engagement with the hook q of the catch D, as representedin Fig. 7, is forward of the point marked y in Fig. 4, where thepin-stem is of full size and cylindrical, there being no resiliency backof said point marked 'y.

I claim as a novel and useful invention and desire to secure by LettersPatent 1. The improved pivot for a pin-joint herein described,consisting of the two cylindrical portions m, m having the samediameter, the central cylindrical portion n having a uniform diameterless than the diameter of the portions m, m, the shoulders 0, 0, betweenthe portions m, n, m, and the conical ends 1),

p, extending from the portions m, m res ec- 1 tively, and all made ofone piece of meta 2. As a new article of manufacture, the pintongueherein described having a flattened head provided with a roundivot-hole, and a pivot ready mounted loosel j in the pivothole andhaving a diameter such as to allow said pivot to slide closely throughthe pivothole, and also having a central circumferential groove widerthan the thickness of said head of the pin-tongue and also provided withconical ends, said pivot being loosely engaged by ravity within saidgroove, substantially as s own.

3. As a new article of manufacture, the pintongue herein described,having a flattened head provided. with a round ivot-hole, and a pivotready mounted loose y in the pivothole having two cylindrical ends whichare insertible through said pivot-hole with a close sliding fit and alsohaving two annular shoulders and an intermediate central circumferentialgroove, said head of the pin-tongue being mounted loosely upon thegrooved portion of the ivot in the pivot-hole with some ortion of t eedge of said pivot-hole engaged loosely in some portion of said groove.v

4. As a new article of manufacture, the pintongue herein described,having a head with a pivot-hole therein, and a cylindrical pivot readymounted in. the ivot-hole and insertible through said pivotole with aclose sliding fit and provided with conical ends and a centralcircumferential groove, said head being loosely mounted upon the groovedportion of the pivot.

5. The improved hinge-joint for brooches and similar articles hereindescribed, consistingof the combination of a base-plate and two integralearpieces extending therefrom in ICC divergent angular positions, eachearpiece-i having a tubular pivot-hole through it extending from theinnerside half-waythrough it and a concentric conical-sha ed holecontinuous with the first-named ho e and extending from the outer sideof said-earpiece, whose. larger (llfLIIlP/LGP is on theouter sideofsaid.

6. The vcombination of a back plate, a hinge-joint comprising arallelears each of which has a pivot-hole W ose outer end iscircumferentiallyfiared to constitute. a conical socket, a pin-tonguehavinga headwitha circular hole through it, and a pivot loosely mountedin the pivot-hole of the headof the pin tongue, the ends of which pivotare spread and riveted in the said conical sockets of the ears so thatthe riveted portions of said pivot are wholly contained in said socketsand. are approximately flush with the outer surfaces of said earsrespectively.

In testimonyiwhereoi I aliix my signature in presence of two witnesses.

FRANK E. FARNHAM.

Witnesses:

WARREN R. PERCE, KATIE GALLIGAN.

